Events
The Conquest of Wales
Also Known As Edwardian Conquest of Wales
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Edward I's destruction of the autonomous Welsh principality Llywelyn ap Gruffudd had built up under Henry III. Llywelyn's refusal to do homage brought a short, methodical campaign in 1277 that forced the Treaty of Conway, stripping him of most of his gains. A harder second war followed in 1282 to 1283 after Llywelyn's brother David rose in revolt; Llywelyn was killed in battle in December 1282 and David was captured and executed as a traitor in 1283. Edward completed the settlement with the Statute of Wales (1284), organising North Wales into English-style counties, and with a ring of great castles, Conwy, Caernarfon, Harlech and, after a further revolt in 1294 to 1295, Beaumaris, designed chiefly by the Savoyard master mason James of St George. Wales remained under direct English rule for more than a century afterward.
Facts
YearMarks the first Welsh war, 1277. The decisive second war ran 1282 to 1283, completed by the 1284 Statute of Wales and the 1294 to 1295 revolt. Event DateDate of the death of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd at Cilmeri, the effective end of organized Welsh resistance; his brother Dafydd ap Gruffudd, the last claimant to independent rule, was captured and executed the following year (1283). Cross-Tradition Connections
Associated With
Personally led both Welsh wars, 1277 and 1282 to 1283, and completed the settlement by the 1284 Statute of Wales.
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